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Purpose : To prepare written exam of SBI JUNIOR ASSOCIATES (CLERK)/ SBI PO
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Computer terminologies and abbreviations are frequently asked in Bank PO and other bank exams .
Disk Cleanup is a Microsoft software utility first introduced with Windows 98 and included in all subsequent releases of Windows. It allows users to remove files that are no longer needed or that can be safely deleted.
As can be seen in the picture, Disk Cleanup can deleteTemporary Internet Files (associated with Internet Explorer), Downloaded Program Files, and Offline webpages. Disk Cleanup also allows you to empty theRecycle Bin, delete Temporary Files, and delete Thumbnails.
Sometimes abbreviated as dl, download is a term used to describe the process of copying data from another computer, either over a network or modem. For example, each time you visit a web page on theInternet, you download the information on the page, including any pictures, to your computer. The term download is often associated with pictures, songs, videos, and programs. A good example of this isdownloading a video from YouTube so that you can save it to your hard drive.
The speed at which your computer downloads a file depends largely on the speed of your Internet or network connection. A faster Internet or network connection typically results in a shorter amount of time to download a file.
Desktop is a term commonly used to describe a desktop computer or system unit.
2. In reference to software, desktop refers to the desktop environment, which is aGraphical User Interface metaphor that allows for interaction between the user and the operating system.
3. Desktops is a Windows Sysinternals utility that allows users to manage applications on up to four virtual desktops, all accessible using the tray icon interface.
4. When referring to an operating system or GUI, the Desktop is a system of organization of icons on a screen. The Microsoft Windows Desktop was first introduced with MicrosoftWindows 95 and has been included with every version of Windows since then.
In text formatting, a double space means sentences contain a full blank line (the equivalent of the full height of a line of text) between the rows of words. By default, most programs have single spacing enabled, which is a slight space between each line of text, similar to how this paragraph looks. Most word processors and browsers allow for custom spacing.
More commonly known as a driver, a device driveror hardware driver is a group of files that enable one or more hardware devices to communicate with the computer's operating system. Without drivers, the computer would not be able to send and receive data correctly to hardware devices, such as a printer.
If the appropriate driver is not installed, the device may not function properly, if at all. For Microsoft Windows users, a driver conflict or an error can be seen in the Device Manager. If problems or conflicts are encountered with a driver, the computer manufacturer or hardware manufacturer will release a driver update to fix the problems.
Device Manager
First introduced in Windows 95, the Device Manager is a feature of Microsoft Windows that detects and lists hardware devices and their status information. Device Manager is available in Microsoft Windows 95, 98, ME, 2000, 2003, XP, Vista, 7, 8, and 10. The following images show an example of what the Device Manager may look like in your version of Windows.
Dropdown Menu
Sometimes referred to as a pull-down menu, drop-down list, or drop-down box, a dropdown menu is a list of items that appear when clicking on a button or text selection. For example, many programs have a "File" drop down menu at the top left of their screen. Clicking on the "File" text generates a new menu with additional options.
A directory is a location for storing files on your computer. Directories are found in a hierarchical file system, such asDOS, OS/2, Unix, etc. When referring to a directory, a user commonly indicates the name of the directory.
In the picture to the right is an example of the tree command output that shows all the local and subdirectories (e.g. the "big" directory in the cdn directory). When looking at this overview, the C: drive is considered the current directory and root directorybecause there is nothing beneath it and you can't go back any further. This may also be referred to as a home directory if you're using an operating system with multiple accounts.
Dual-channel Memory
Alternately referred to as Multi-channel memory, Dual-channel memory is aDDR, DDR2, or DDR3 chipset on the motherboard providing memory with two memory channels instead of one. The dual-channel platform helps alleviate bottlenecks that occur. Dual-channel lets one controller handle the reading and writing while the other controller prepares the next access thus preventing a delay.
To take advantage of a dual-channel platform when purchasing memory make sure to buy memory in identical pairs. For example, if you wanted to upgrade to an additional 2GB of memory. Buy two 1GB memory modules that are exactly identical. While the speed of each memory chip does not need to be the same as the others, it is best to install memory with matching speeds. If the speeds differ, the motherboard runs the memory chips at the speed of the slowest chip.
Finally, if you are only installing two memory modules at a time make sure the memory is installed into the proper memory slots. Almost always the memory slots will be color coded to indicate the memory channel, as shown in the picture below. The first channel is often slots one and two, and the second channel is three and four. When installing memory in pairs make sure to install them into the same colored slot to take advantage of the dual-channel platform.
Data type
Unlike humans, a computer does not know the difference between "1234" and "abcd." A data type is a classification of the type of data that a variable or objectcan hold in computer programming. Data types are an important factor in virtually all computer programming languages, including C#, C++, JavaScript, and Visual Basic. When programmers create computer applications, both desktop and web-based, data types must be referenced and used correctly, to ensure the a proper result and error-free program.
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