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Purpose : To prepare written exam of SBI JUNIOR ASSOCIATES (CLERK)/ SBI PO
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Computer terminologies and abbreviations are frequently asked in Bank PO and other bank exams .
Alternately referred to as a processor, central processor, or microprocessor, theCPU (pronounced sea-pea-you) is the Central Processing Unit of the computer. A computer's CPU handles all instructions it receives from hardware and softwarerunning on the computer.
Tip: The CPU is often referred to as the brain of the computer. However, it is more appropriate to refer to software as the brain and the CPU as a very efficient calculator. A CPU is really good with numbers, but if it wasn't for the software it wouldn't know how to do anything else.
The Control Panel is a section of Microsoft Windows that enables a user to change various computer hardware and software features. Settings for the mouse, display,sound, network, and keyboard represent just a few examples of what may be modified in the Control Panel. Below are some examples of how the Control Panel appeared in Windows.
Pronounced like the physical form of U.S. currency ("cash"), cache is a high-speed access area that can be a reserved section of main memory or storage device. The two main types of cache are memory cache and disk cache.
Memory cache is a portion of the high-speed static RAM (SRAM) and is effective because most programs access the same data or instructions over and over. By keeping as much of this information as possible in SRAM, the computer avoids accessing the slower DRAM, making the computer perform faster and more efficiently. Today, most computers come with L3 cache or L2 cache, while older computers included only L1 cache. Below is an example of the Intel i7 processor and its shared L3 cache.
A computer is not an acronym and sometimes abbreviated as comp or 'puter. The term "computer" was originally given to humans (human computers) who performed numerical calculations using mechanical calculators, such as the abacus and slide rule. The term was later given to a mechanical device as they began replacing the human computers. Today's computers are electronic devices that accept data (input),process that data, produce output, and then store (storage) the results.
The first digital computer and what most people think of as a computer was called theENIAC, built during World War II (1943-1946). Early computers like the ENIAC used vacuum tubes and were large (sometimes room size) and only found in businesses, Universities, or governments. Later, computers began utilizing transistors as well as smaller and cheaper parts that allowed the common person to own a computer.
Alternatively referred to as a Real-Time Clock (RTC), Non-Volatile RAM (NVRAM) or CMOS RAM, CMOS is short for Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor. CMOS is an on-board, battery powered semiconductor chip inside computers that stores information. This information ranges from the system time and date to system hardware settings for your computer. The picture shows an example of the most common CMOS coin cell battery used to power the CMOS memory.
Short for control, Ctrl is a key found on IBM compatible computer keyboards in the bottom left and right portion of the main keyboard. The picture is an example of what the Ctrl key may look like on your keyboard.
Short for Compact Disc-Read Only Memory, a CD-ROM(shown right) is an optical disc which contains audio or software data whose memory is read only. A CD-ROM Driveor optical drive is the device used to read them. CD-ROM drives have speeds ranging from 1x all the way up to 72x, meaning it reads the CD roughly 72 times faster than the 1x version. As you would imagine, these drives are capable playing audio CDs and reading data CDs. Below is a picture of the front and back of a standard CD-ROM drive.
Sometimes referred to as the command screen or a text interface, the command line is a user interface that is navigated by typing commands atprompts, instead of using the mouse. For example, the Windows folder in a Windows command line (MS-DOS) is C:\Windows> (as shown in the picture) and in Unix or Linux, it may be % or >. Unlike a GUI operating system, a command line only uses a keyboard to navigate by entering commands and does not utilize a mouse for navigating.
Because a command line interface requires unique commands, this interface is often more difficult to learn because of the need to memorize dozens of different commands. However, a command line operating system can be a very valuable resource and should not be ignored. For example, users who have Microsoft Windows may find trivial tasks, such as renaming 100+ files in a folder, a very difficult task. However, renaming 100+ files in a directory can be done in less than a minute with a command entered into the command line.
Text or inputted text that is sensitive to capitalization of letters. For example, "Computer" and "computer" are two different words because the "C" is uppercase in the first example and lowercase in the second example. In many cases with computers or accounts that require a logon to access, the username and password is case-sensitive, which means the username and password must have the proper case.
If you are unable to log into a computer or account, make sure the caps lock key is not on and that you are using the correct case for each letter in your username and password.
Anything that is not case-sensitive means that any uppercase or lowercase character can be entered. For example, the Windows command line or MS-DOS is not case-sensitive, however, the Linux command line is case sensitive. In other words, you could type "cd", "CD", "Cd", or "cD" for the cd command in the Windows command line without error, but only "ls" will work for the ls command in Linux. Typing in "LS" would generate an error.
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