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Purpose : To prepare for written exam of SBI JUNIOR ASSOCIATES (CLERK)/SBI PO
Purpose : To prepare for written exam of SBI JUNIOR ASSOCIATES (CLERK)/SBI PO
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The Metric System
The metric system is much simpler. There are a series of basic units, one for each of distance, mass, and volume, and a series of prefixes to tell you what multiple of the basic unit is being used.
| Basic Unit | Measuring |
| Metre/meter | Distance |
| Gram | Mass |
| Litre/liter | Volume |
The prefixes and what they mean are:
| Prefix | Symbol | Meaning | Number |
| Giga- | G | One billion | 1,000,000,000 |
| Mega- | M | One million | 1,000,000 |
| Kilo- | K | One thousand | 1,000 |
| Deca- | D | Ten | 10 |
| (none) | One | 1 | |
| Deci- | d | One tenth | 0.1 |
| Centi- | c | One hundredth | 0.01 |
| Milli- | m | One thousandth | 0.001 |
You will most commonly come across kilo-, centi- and milli-, as in millimetres, centimetres, and kilometres.
However, there are certain times when you will come across some of the others, particularly Giga- and Mega- in terms of your broadband bandwidth and computer memory and storage space.
Science often uses much smaller numbers, and scientists may find themselves referring to nanometres, or 10-9m, and even beyond. But for most purposes, you’ll find these prefixes enough.
Tonnes
The tonne, known in the USA as a metric ton, is not to be confused with the English or imperial ton. It is 1,000kg, and therefore a megagram.
Measuring Volume
Volume can be measured in two ways in the metric system, in litres, and in cubic metres, m3. However, because the metric system is designed to be simple, the two are easily translated. 1cm3 is equal to 1 millilitre, or ml.
Another useful relationship is that 1 litre of water weighs exactly 1kg.
WARNING!
Because volume is a cubic measurement (it is calculated by multiplying length by width by depth), 1m3 is NOT 1 litre. 1m3 is 1m x 1m x 1m, whereas a litre is 1000cm3 or 10cm x 10cm x 10cm, which is a LOT smaller.
Converting Between Metric and English/Imperial Systems
You very seldom need to convert exactly between English and metric systems, although if you do, you just multiply by the desired ‘conversion factor’.
However, it is often useful to be able to convert approximately, for example, to estimate driving distance or maximum speed limit when travelling in another country.
There are a series of useful approximations which you can use. For example:
- 1 yard is approximately 1 metre
- 1 mile is about 1.5 kilometres (km); alternatively, a km is about two thirds of a mile.
- 1 litre is about 1 American quart
- 1 (UK) pint is about 500ml.
- 1 kilogram (kg) is about 2 pounds (lb)
Warning!
Although these approximations are precise enough to estimate whether you’re driving above the speed limit, or roughly how long it will take you to travel somewhere, they are NOT precise enough for recipes.
Always use the same units in a recipe, whether metric or imperial/English, and don’t move between the two.
Measuring Temperature
There are three scales commonly used for measuring temperature: Fahrenheit, Celsius or Centigrade, and Kelvin.
Fahrenheit is the oldest scale and least obvious for those not used to it. The Fahrenheit scale was formerly used across Europe but has now been replaced by the Centigrade scale. It is however still widely used in the USA. This scale is defined by two measurements: the temperature at which water freezes into ice, which is 32oF, and the temperature at which water boils, which is 212oF.
Celsius / Centigrade is used across most of the rest of the world apart from the USA and its associated territories. Like the metric system, it is broadly designed around 10s. The freezing temperature of water is 0oC, and the boiling point is 100oC.
The weather is the most common reason for needing to understand the alternative scale. Anything below 10oC or 50oF is cool to cold, 20oC or 68oF is warm, anything above 30oC, 86oF, is hot.
The final scale, Kelvin, is the scientific measurement scale, and the SI unit for temperature. It has exactly the same increments as the Celsius / Centigrade scale. The zero point, or 0K, is -273oC, which is absolute zero, the temperature at which all thermal motion ceases. Conversion to Celsius is therefore very easy: you simply add 273 to the Kelvin temperature.
Conclusion
In general, you will probably survive with detailed knowledge of only one system of weights and measures. However, it can be helpful to know roughly how to convert between different systems of measurement when you’re travelling, doing business abroad or even just for interest.
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